Sampling Methods and Statistics

Presentation Sampling might be characterized as the way toward choosing a fitting portrayal of a populace to accomplish data in regards to the general populace. An examining appropriation might be characterized as a likelihood dissemination of every single imaginable mean of a given size chose from a populace. An example must be unprejudiced and agent for precise results.Advertising We will compose a custom contextual analysis test on Sampling Methods and Statistics explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Sampling techniques might be comprehensively classified into likelihood and non-likelihood strategies. Likelihood inspecting bolsters that components to be remembered for the example have a non-zero (and known) possibility. They incorporate arbitrary, deliberate and delineated inspecting. In non-likelihood inspecting, populace components are chosen in a non-irregular way with the end goal that components don't have a known possibility of being chosen. They incorporate judgemental, comfort, standard and snowball testing. Likelihood Sampling strategies Random examining happens when every component in the populace has an equivalent possibility of being chosen to shape some portion of the example and determination depends on possibility. Defined examining happens where the populace is separated into bunches guaranteeing that components inside each gathering are as comparative as could reasonably be expected. This procedure is called definition and the gatherings framed are called layers. Methodical inspecting is utilized for quality control testing. For this situation, an example component is enrolled as an individual from the example on the off chance that it falls under the kth component. For instance, for a populace of 500, each tenth, twentieth or fiftieth component will be incorporated. Non-likelihood testing In judgemental inspecting the scientist chooses whom to incorporate as the example component with the conviction that their perspectives are key for the investigation. For accommodation testing, determination of components is done based on comfort which might be time, cost or area. In portion testing the analyst at first distinguishes the layers inside the populace. Subsequent to characterizing the layers, the analyst utilizes comfort or critical examining to remember components for the example. Snowball testing utilizes referrals made by respondents which might be utilized by the specialist as a major aspect of the sample.Advertising Looking for contextual analysis on math insights? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Sampling dispersions Sampling circulations think about the laws of likelihood. For instance, a babysitter has 5 youngsters under her watch. Kid (x) Age (Years) 1 2 4 3 6 4 8 5 10 These five kids structure the whole populace for example n=5. Thusly the populace mean is determined by: Hence,  µ= (2+4+6+8+10)/5= 6 years. The standard deviation of the populace is given by: (X- µ)2 X  µ (X- µ)2 2 6 16 4 6 4 6 0 8 6 4 10 6 16 Advertising We will compose a custom contextual analysis test on Sampling Methods and Statistics explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More = 40 Therefore ÏÆ' = =2.83 Years Taking all the conceivable irregular examples of size 2, we will get 10 potential such examples. Components Values Sample Mean (X1, X2) (2,4) á ºâ€¹ 1=3 (X1, X3) (2,6) á ºâ€¹2=4 (X1, X4) (2,8) á ºâ€¹3=5 (X1, X5) (2,10) á ºâ€¹4=6 (X2, X3) (4,6) á ºâ€¹5=5 (X2, X4) (4,8) á ºâ€¹6=6 (X2, X5) (4,10) á ºâ€¹7=7 (X3, X4) (6,8) á ºâ€¹8=7 (X3, X5) (6,10) á ºâ€¹9=8 (X4, X5) (8,10) á ºâ€¹10=9 The amazing mean of these examples is given by: (3+4+5+6+†¦.+8+9) à ·10= 6 yearsAdvertising Searching for contextual investigation on math measurements? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More The examining circulation of the methods for the ages is organized beneath and has two unsurprising examples. The examining conveyance gives an imply that is like the populace mean. Inspecting Means (á ºâ€¹) Probability P(á ºâ€¹) 3 0.1 4 0.1 5 0.2 6 0.2 7 0.2 8 0.1 9 0.1 E(á ºâ€¹)= 3(0.1)+4(0.1)+5(0.2)+6(0.2)+7(0.2)+8(0.1)+9(0.1)= 6 years The state of the testing dissemination is ringer formed in any event, when the populace isn't ordinarily dispersed given the example is sensibly adequate. This property prompts as far as possible hypothesis which expresses that paying little heed to the state of the circulation of the populace, the appropriation of the example mean methodologies the typical likelihood conveyance as the example size increments. Standard blunder of the mean This is a proportion of scattering of the dispersion of the example implies and is comparable in idea to the standard deviation in a recurrence conveyance. It quantifies the possible deviation of an example mean from the fabulous mean of the testing circulation. From the case of the five kids, taking the example implies, we can ascertain ÏÆ' á ºâ€¹ as: ÏÆ' á ºâ€¹ = where N is the quantity of test implies. Consequently 2 is the standard mistake of mean. This worth will consistently be not exactly ÏÆ'. The connection among ÏÆ' and ÏÆ' á ºâ€¹ is demonstrated beneath. ÏÆ' á ºâ€¹ = Standard ordinary circulation Taking understudies with a mean  µ of 120 and a standard deviation ÏÆ' of 10, we can ascertain the likelihood of any understudy picked aimlessly with scores somewhere in the range of 120 and 125. z= (á ºâ€¹ † µ)/ÏÆ' (125-120)ã ·10=0.5 The zone of z = 0.5 from z tables is 0.1915 importance there is a 19.15% possibility that an understudy picked indiscriminately will have scores somewhere in the range of 120 and 125. Assuming that an irregular example of 25 understudies is picked, to discover the likelihood that the mean example will be somewhere in the range of 120 and 125: This demonstrates the normalized ordinary dispersion of the methods. The region for z= 2.5 is 0.4938 demonstrating this is the likelihood that the example mean will fall somewhere in the range of 120 and 125. All in all, examining is utilized to give a general vibe of the populace from which the analyst can make factual deductions. Inspecting appropriations show the properties of the populace regarding how the information components identify with one another. Exact estimation relies upon representativeness of the example just as degree of fluctuation in the populace. This contextual investigation on Sampling Methods and Statistics was composed and put together by client Jaxen Rose to help you with your own investigations. You are allowed to utilize it for exploration and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; be that as it may, you should refer to it appropriately. You can give your paper here.

MANAGING PEOPLE AND PERFORMANCE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Overseeing PEOPLE AND PERFORMANCE - Essay Example At the point when we talk about assorted variety, it is generally implied like characterized above individuals having a place with various societies, etc. Decent variety incorporates characteristics and capacities that are diverse for each person and when they get together in one association, they carry with them their contemplations, skill, conclusions, etc which are not quite the same as our own. Associations are comprised of people as well as are comprised of groups and gatherings. They cooperate to accomplish one basic hierarchical objective regardless of their assorted contrasts as referenced previously. To oversee such immense working environment assorted variety is the principle worry of the administrators today. All the individuals in the association are required to cooperate in harmony and concordance with the goal that authoritative objectives could be figured it out. HR Managers have an obligation to think of various procedures to deal with the workforce decent variety to improve working environment profitability. Assorted variety is a significant resource of any association. This is in such a case that various individuals are cooperating, they can make new thoughts and items that could bring about upper hand for any organization. The key action of the HR chiefs doesn't just incorporate how to deal with the assorted workforce. It additionally incorporates how to oversee work/life balance and giving assorted variety preparing. Taking a gander at the past it tends to be seen that workforce has changed altogether. An ever increasing number of ladies have entered the hierarchical world and record for practically half of the workforce. (Foot and Hook) To provide food the necessities of the worklife balance particularly for the ladies with subordinate kids, adaptable working hours are presently part of the arrangements of Employment Act (2002). The work/life balance was issue for the ladies as well as for he men who thought that it was difficult to deal with their own obligations in view of overwhelming remaining burdens. (Robbins and Sanghi. Pg 509). Today, directors have established various systems to give work/life balance for all the representatives.

Whats Worse An Overdraft Fee or A Payday Loan

Whats Worse An Overdraft Fee or A Payday Loan Whats Worse: An Overdraft Fee or A Payday Loan?Youd think that a payday loan would be much more treacherous than a service offered by your bank, right? The answer may surprise you.Maybe your car broke down and you need to pay for a tow, or that loan payment went through before you could pick up groceries for the week. Whatever the issue, youre short on cash.  So what  do you do when you need to buy something now, and the money in your bank account just isnt enough?Should you take out a payday loan?If youre a regular reader of this blog, youll know all about the dangers of using a payday loan in a situation like this.  Having bad credit often means more mainstream credit avenues, like credit cards, are unattainable, and as a  result, many Americans with poor or no credit must turn to predatory storefront lenders offering fast cash with astoundingly high interest rates.If you take  out a payday loan in a pinch, then find yourself unable to pay it back on time, youre more than likely he aded for an expensive and vicious cycle of debt, which could take monthsâ€"or even yearsâ€"to get out of.Knowing all of that, its probably best to look for other optionsâ€"just make sure those other options arent even worse than a predatory payday loan.Case in point: the dreaded overdraft fee.  At its core, an overdraft fee is like a cash advance from your bank. If you use your debit card to buy a $3 candy bar, but you only have $1.50 in your checking account, your bank will lend you the extra $1.50 to make sure the purchase goes through.  Isnt that nice of them?Exceptâ€"oh waitâ€"theyll also charge you dearly for that $1.50 loan, typically an average of $35 per overdraft.As we reported on Inside Subprime a few months ago, a study from the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) recently found that people who make more than 10 overdrafts on their checking accounts every month are more likely to have subprime credit scores.And that makes sense when you calculate just how much ove rdrafting costs. Make one $0.80 overdraft?  Congrats! Your new  account  balance is -$35.80. Make another one for $1? Now youll need to deposit more than $71.80 in order to get your account back in the black.That CFPB study also found that the majority of debit card overdraft fees were incurred on transactions of $24 and less, most of which are repaid within three days.Put in lending terms, if a consumer borrowed $24 for three days and paid the median overdraft fee of $34, such a loan would carry a 17,000 percent annual percentage rate (APR), they wrote in their report.So whats the verdict?While the average payday loan might offer terms as high as 300 percent APR, that seems almost tame when compared to the insane rates you’ll pay for overdrafting. Keep in mind, banks make millions of dollars off this every year.To add insult to injury, banks often trick customers into signing up for this “service”   by calling it “overdraft protection,” which seems like it should mean “ protection FROM overdraft,” right? Unfortunately, opting in to overdraft protection actually means you’re allowing the bank to lend you money at these crazy-high interest rates.“Those who have opted in typically incur 22 overdrafts per year, compared to 18 for those not opted inâ€"not a very large gap,” said former CFPB director Richard Corday in a press call last summer.  â€œBut the difference in costs can be huge: frequent overdrafters who have opted in are typically charged 18 fees a year, compared to only 5 for those not opted in. With a fee of $34 per event, this amounts to almost $450 more in overdraft fees each year.”In short, while a payday loan is always a bad idea, racking up overdraft fees might be even worse.Lucky for you, there are better options. When an emergency expense hits you, it can feel like the world is caving in around you. And that’s exactly what predatory lenders who offer no credit check loans are counting on. They want you to think that borrowi ng from them is your only option.But here’s the thing: you don’t have to settle for a shady storefront lender in your time of need. In fact, there are ways you can get a bad credit loan from a responsible lender quickly, and without even leaving your couch. There are reputable online lenders offering  installment loans with longer terms with reasonable interest rates that won’t leave you digging for change in your couch cushions.And remember, when evaluating potential lenders, always check their Google reviews and BBB ratings. Be on the lookout for predators and instead work only with reputable companies who report your on-time payments to the credit bureaus. That can help boost your score and move you out of the world of bad credit loans and into more traditional lending products.To learn more about living with bad credit, check out these related posts and articles from OppLoans:If You Have Bad Credit, Should You Buy or Lease a Car?How to Get an Apartment With Bad CreditShoul d Bad Credit be a Dating Dealbreaker?Whats been your experience with overdraft fees? We want to hear from you!  You can  email us  or you can find us on  Facebook  and  Twitter.Visit OppLoans on  YouTube  |  Facebook  |  Twitter  |  LinkedIN

Business Ethics Essay - 2406 Words

A business is not one that lives in isolation; it can be an integral part in a community’s success or demise and has social responsibilities to; the community, stakeholders, and anyone who may be affected by a company’s actions. Corporate social responsibility is a term that is never used lightly and is a key role in the development of a successful and morally healthy business. â€Å"The objectives of a corporation are to outperform its competitors, presumably through preferred competitive strategies† (Joseph Heath 123). There are three main models by; Freeman, Friedman and Heath discussing corporate social responsibilities and all have distinct differences between their moral obligations, and the way they perceive business should be ran in a†¦show more content†¦Friedman’s argument that a companies only social responsibility is to make money is extremely flawed and immoral. Most people would agree that the main goal of a company is to turn a pro fit, and to be sustainable, this Friedman is correct in saying. Where he starts to be mislead is when he does not think that there are any social obligations of a company. Friedman says that businesses must â€Å"increase its profits so long as it stays within the rules of the game† (Milton Friedman 65). What are the rules of the game, many would say it is the law, correct? Would child labour be considered within the rules of the game for a North American based company? Most people would agree that child and slave labour is wrong and against the law for these companies. What if child and slave labour was used in a different country? If a company had product made in a foreign country and imported back to North America, this would be okay because it is legal in the manufacturing countries? This is something that Friedman overlooked when coming up with his argument, saying that you must stay within the rules. This situation would be considered in the rules but is it morally and ethically correct? They are maximizing profit, but are supporting slave labour and also moving North American jobs into other countries. An executive must have the power to intervene in this situationShow MoreRelatedBusiness Ethics Essay3440 Words   |  14 PagesThe Moral Compass essay Ethics relates to given principles that govern behavior and conduct of a human being. Business ethics on the other hand is the code of a conduct that a company or an organization abides to in the day to day operations with the public (Conjecture Corporation, 2011). Making profits and high volume sales should not be the only goal of a business, a good reputation to the public is also very important for the survival of a company. This has led to companies formulating theirRead MoreEssay Business Ethics1686 Words   |  7 PagesThe stockholder and stakeholder theories are two popular frameworks used to examine the purpose of business and its ethical obligations. With reference to the quote above, both theories seem rational and enjoy strong support. However, a common failing of both is typically how humans interpret and implement the theories in contemporary business environments. For instance, Enron was so focused on the raising the price of their stock that they â€Å"cooked the boo ks to produce fake profits†1. This paperRead More Business Ethics Essay1171 Words   |  5 Pages In today’s global society, a Code of Ethics policy is used to label established, acceptable behaviors among that industry’s business associates, potential investors, and the corporation’s executive officers and employees, and most important, the consumer (Ethics Resource Center, 2003). In an attempt to promote an increased efficiency and productivity potential level, among employees and prospective clients, a corporation’s standard Code of Ethics should guide its members toward a more in-depthRead More Business Ethics Essay1591 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to Wikipedia, ethics, also known as â€Å"moral philosophy†, is a branch of philosophy that addresses questions about morality. Concepts such as good and bad, noble, right and wrong, justice and virtue. To business, ethics is a tool to examine principles and moral or ethical problems that arise in a business environment. Therefore, business ethics can be both a normative and a descriptive disc ipline. Ethics is a part of the larger social ethics, and also always affect business development. In otherRead More Business Ethics Essay949 Words   |  4 PagesBusiness Ethics Business ethics is a multifaceted field that cannot be defined with a single definition. This area addresses numerous issues, problems, and dilemmas within the management of businesses. It does this through numerous perspectives and methods. Of course, in order to present the complexities of business ethics, we must explore the types of issues that business professionals are confronted with all the time. Business ethics not only portray to humans, but also to how businesses treatRead MoreEssay on Business Ethics779 Words   |  4 PagesKristine Martin Business Ethics Unit 3 Case Summary -China, India, and Wal-Mart: Issues of Price, Quality, and Sourcing:: Case Questions: 1. What are the ethical issues associated with Wal-Mart’s extensive sourcing of low-cost products from China? Wal-Mart pricing is too low. As the worlds largest retailer, Wal-Mart leverages its huge orders to convince factories to sell goods at low prices that are not sustainable. This puts pressure on other brands to pay less, thereby settingRead MoreEssay Business Ethics624 Words   |  3 PagesBusiness ethics is the behavior that a business adheres to in its daily dealings with the world. The ethics of a particular business can be diverse. They apply not only to how the business interacts with the world at large, but also to their one-on-one dealings with a single customer. Examples: What would you do? • You are in a head-to-head battle with your arch competitor, Evil Enterprises. One of your co-workers approaches you. He has recently joined your company after having worked for a secondRead More Business Ethics Essay1618 Words   |  7 PagesBusiness Ethics Business ethics is a diverse field that cannot be defined with a single definition. This area addresses numerous issues, problems, and dilemmas within the management of businesses. Does this through numerous perspectives and methods. Of course, in order to present the complexities of business ethics, we must explore the types of issues that business professionals are continuously confronted with. To understand one must know the definition of corporate ethics as wellRead MoreEssay on Business Ethics1066 Words   |  5 PagesBusiness Ethics The statement has been made that ethics has no place in business and the implications of this statement and its inferring characteristics provide a complex issue in the operation of national and multinational corporations. Because ethical decision making is often not as profitable as choices that do not embrace ethical elements, the perspective has emerged that the nature of an effective business mindset inherently brings about unethical behavior. In order to considerRead MoreBusiness Ethics Essay944 Words   |  4 PagesUnderstanding Business Ethics Unit 37: National Diploma Assignment brief TASK 1: Scenario: Business ethics - a study of a selected company With growing interest among consumers regarding the business ethics of the businesses brands that consumers buy, Westminster council wants to conduct an independent review of some of the organisations that sell their goods and services in the borough. You have been asked to select one of the following brands and conduct research into their business ethics.

Tiresias in Ovids Metamorphoses

Tiresias was a mythological blind seer who plays a significant role in Greek tragedy involving the House of Thebes. Shakespeares comedy Midsummer Nights Dream, Boccaccios Decameron, Chaucers Canterbury Tales, the Thousand and One Arabian Nights, and Ovids Metamorphoses are among the most famous collections of stories in which one story surrounds another. The outer stories provide little more than a framework or rationale for the more interesting, frequently bawdy, shenanigans within. The frame of Ovids Metamorphoses is a history of events from the days of creation to Ovids present, but with a twist: All stories told must involve physical transformations (metamorphoses). Verifiably historical figures are limited to the emperors Julius and Augustus whose transformations are from mortals to gods. Other transformed figures come from Greco-Roman myth and legend. The House of Thebes Book Three of Ovids Metamorphoses relates the story of the House of Thebes but not in a straightforward chronological manner. Instead, there are digressions and inset stories. Members of the House of Thebes include: Cadmus: Cadmus created the sown men (Spartans) by sowing dragons teeth. He is the founder of Thebes.Oedipus: An oracle warned Oedipus parents that their baby would grow up to murder his father and marry his mother. The parents thought they had had their baby killed, but he was saved and lived to carry out the prophecy.Dionysus: Dionysus was a god who made mortals see things other than as they really were. In this way he caused one of his unbelievers to be torn apart by his own mother.Semele: Semele was the mother of Dionysus, but when she asked Zeus, her mate, to reveal himself in his full glory, it was too much for her and she burned up. Zeus snatched the unborn Dionysus and sewed him into his thigh. The Story of Tiresias One of the important peripheral figures in the House of Thebes legends is the blind seer Tiresias, whose  story, Ovid is introduced in Metamorphoses Book Three. Tiresias tale of woe and transformation began when he separated two mating snakes for no apparent reason. Instead of poisoning Tiresias with indignant viper venom, the snakes magically transformed him into a woman. Tiresias  wasnt too happy with their new transgendered metamorphoses  but lived as a woman for seven years before figuring out a technique that would either kill her or reverse the operation. Since striking the snakes had worked before, she tried it again. It worked, and he became a man again, but unfortunately, his life story came to the attention of two of the most contentious of the Olympians, Juno (Hera for the Greeks) and her husband Jupiter (Zeus for the Greeks). A Womans Pleasure Juno claimed she was doing little more than servicing Jupiter, while Jupiter claimed he wasnt getting enough bang for his buck, so to speak. Like a bolt of lightning, inspiration hit the thunder god. He would consult the one person who could resolve their argument. Only Tiresias knew both sides of the coupling argument. Tiresias didnt have much choice this time. He had to answer. Jupiter was right, he said. The pleasure woman derives from sex is greater. Juno was outraged. In her anger, she made the man blind, but Jupiter, gratified, rewarded Tiresias with the power of seeing the future. Other Legends of Tiresias Tiresias appears in the Oedipus legends and dramas, including Euripides Bacchae, and in Odysseus underworld adventure, but in Ovids Metamorphoses, he shares his gift in two additional, transformational stories, those of Narcissus and Echo, and Bacchus and Pentheus.

Essay about Marijuana as a Social Problem - 1098 Words

Marijuana as a Social Problem Introduction Marijuana is a green, brown, or gray mixture of dried, shredded leaves, stems, seeds, and flowers of the hemp plant. You may hear marijuana called by street names such as pot, herb, weed, grass, boom, Mary Jane, gangster, or chronic. There are more than 200 slang terms for marijuana. All forms of marijuana are mind-altering. In other words, they change how the brain works. They all contain THC (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol), the main active chemical in marijuana. They also contain more than 400 other chemicals. Marijuanas effects on the user depend on the strength or potency of the THC it contains. The potency of marijuana has increased since the 1970s but has been about the same since the†¦show more content†¦The cannabis sativa plant, whose dried flower extracts can form potent recreational marijuana, was in great demand because of its long fibers which could be used for the production of clothing, ropes, and sails. In fact, The Assembly of Jamestown Colony, Virginia, pas sed legislation in 1619 making it compulsory for every farmer to grow the Indian hempseed – ironically America’s first marijuana law. Other colonial states like Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania allowed hemp to be exchanged as legal tender and could even be used to pay taxes. The plant was an essential requirement during war times and farmers would be jailed if they were not able to produce enough hemp. Men who Americans hold in great reverence grew and encouraged the growth of hemp. George Washington grew hemp as his primary crop in the late 18th century for fiber production at Mount Vernon. Thomas Jefferson grew the plant as a secondary crop at Monticello and urged farmers to grow hemp in place of tobacco due to its many useful qualities. Even Benjamin Franklin used cannabis as the raw material to start one of America’s pioneering paper mills. By the mid-19th century, marijuana’s medicinal properties were recognized in North America and it was used as a popular ingredient in many medicinal products. The United States Pharmacopeia had marijuana on its list of pharmaceuticals from 1850 until 1942, and many companies like Brothers Smith, Eli Lilly,Show MoreRelatedThe Social Problem Of Legalizing Marijuana Essay1801 Words   |  8 PagesSociology 270 Legalizing Marijuana Jaraiyia Morris The social problem of legalizing marijuana has been an issue for many years. I argue that marijuana should be legalized in all the United States. Through research it has been proven that marijuana can bring benefits to society if it were to be legalized. Benefits include, assistance to those who have health issues, reducing crimes related to drugs, as well as uplifting the economy. Marijuana has caused various issues within the minorityRead MoreMarijuana is a Social Problem Essay example976 Words   |  4 PagesMarijuana is a Social Problem Marijuana is the second most popular drug after alcohol in the country today. So many people smoke marijuana that the numbers alone seem to legitimize and condone its presence in peoples lives. Yet, even in moderation marijuana is not safe. Somehow this information had not filtered down to people who think they are smoking a fairly innocuous drug. Our society perpetuates the myths about pot being a fun, harmless, recreational drug. These myths feed into peoplesRead MoreEssay on Alcohol vs Marijuana1537 Words   |  7 PagesAlcohol vs Marijuana There is no culture in the history of mankind that did not ever use some kind (kinds) of drugs. Despite the well-known consequences of drug addiction, millions of people constantly consume different legal and illegal drugs. Affecting peoples mind and changing their behavior, drugs become one of the most threatening factors of social risk, resulting in increasing rates of mortality, aggressive and criminal behavior, and dissolution of social ties. This paper is devoted toRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1174 Words   |  5 Pagesthese substances, especially the effects of marijuana. Those who do not know enough about drugs generally think that â€Å"marijuana is bad for you† or â€Å"marijuana can kill people†. Although these preconceived notions do not often have scientific data as backup, there have also been multiple studies supporting the claims that marijuana is detrimental to people ´s health. Even though today many people, especially teenagers, do support the legalization of marijuana, this recreational drug is detrimental toRead MorePhysical and Psychological Effects of Marijuana846 Words   |  4 PagesMarijuana while illegal on a federal level has been legalized in 18 states and the District of Columbia for medical use and also for personal use for anyone over 21 in Washington and Colorado. 48% of Americans admit to using marijuana according to a 2013 survey conducted by Scientific America. With the change in public opinion concerning marijuana the need to understand the effect and consequences associated with its use are vitally important. What are the effects on the brain and the rest ofRead MoreThe Legalization Of Medical Marijuana1314 Words   |  6 PagesMarijuana is the most frequently abused illegal substance worldwide. Not only is there no legitimate medical use, it has been tied to physical, mental, and emotional damages. â€Å"Marijuana refers to the dried leaves, flowers, stems, and seeds from the hemp plant Cannabis sativa, which contains the psychoactive (mind-altering) chemical delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), as well as other related compounds† (National Institute on Drug Abuse). There are many supporters of the legalization of medical marijuanaRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1715 Words   |  7 PagesMarijuana in Society Cannabis, formally known as marijuana is a drug obtained from the tops, stems and leaves of the hemp plant cannabis. The drug is one of the most commonly used drugs in the world. Only substances like caffeine, nicotine and alcohol are used more (â€Å"Marijuana† 1). In the U. S. where some use it to feel â€Å"high† or get an escape from reality. The drug is referred to in many ways; weed, grass, pot, and or reefer are some common names used to describe the drug (â€Å"Marijuana† 1). Like mostRead MoreLegalization Of Marijuan A Controversial Issue Essay1299 Words   |  6 PagesLegalization of Marijuana A controversial issue relating to the legalization of Marijuana has been brought to the attention of the public. Many Americans support the legalization of marijuana for numerous reasons, such as it is a useful aid to alleviate medical ailments and it has a low risk of abuse; nevertheless, others people do not believe that the marijuana should be legalized. When the practical reasoning is involved, however, I believed that the positive impacts of remaining marijuana illegal outweighRead MoreLegalizing The Legalization Of Marijuana1012 Words   |  5 PagesLegalize, control, and discourage is a way to fix the problem. Evident by Colorado and Washington, â€Å"the legalization of marijuana can stop most of these possession arrests† (Levine). After the first opening of the first retail marijuana stores on January 1, 2014, Colorado had decreased crime rates, decreased traffic fatalities and increase in economic output (DPA). Since 2010, the marijuana possession arrest have went d own 84% since its legalization. The tactic of legalizing, controlling, and discouragingRead MoreEssay on The Fight to Legalize Marijuana1043 Words   |  5 PagesLegalize Marijuana Marijuana is probably the most recreational and illegal drug in the world. The most significant ingredient is delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinal, it is commonly referred to it abbreviated form THC. This drug should not be legalized because it would lead to hard core drugs, there would be an increase in obesity, and it affects the heart, lungs and the brain. There are legal, social, and medical reasons that marijuana should not be decriminalized. Some legal reasons that marijuana shouldn’t

a journal on of mice and men Essay Example For Students

a journal on of mice and men Essay Chapter 1The opening sequence of events, which introduces us to George and Lennie indeed gives the impression that the larger Lennie, suffers from some form mental disability. He is the exact antithesis is the character of George, a small man, with sharp features, who seems to be close friend and confidant to Lennie. In addition to this, George also seems to be greatly concerned with Lennies safety and well-being. Furthermore, it seemed to me that the two have had a long-time close companionship, or, that George owes Lennie some type of allegiance, as George seems to have suffered at the expense of Lennie as is evident from the previous job. Chapter 2In this chapter, it became clear to me how difficult the work at the ranch was as previously alluded to by George. The harsh realities that occur at the ranch such as Slim s drowning of the puppies, and the suggestion that Candy should replace his old dog, with a younger one which will be of more use. The character of Slim is also interesting, as he seems to be quite an authoratative figure, despite not being the boss. It is still unclear to me as to where he derives his respect from. In addition to this, the bond between Lennie and George seems to have become closer as a result of Curley. This close relationship between men seems-at least so far- to be a recurring subject. There is no strong female prescence at the ranch, and it seems to be running in fine condition due to the work of all the men. Chapter 3uThis chapter cleared up my earlier questions as to the nature of the friendship of George and Lennie. Their relationship is a result of a long-time friendship, in which George initially teased and bothered Lennie. Georges epiphany however, that ridiculing someone who is weaker is wrong is indeed in conflict with the mentality on the ranch. In where Cndys old dog, although no longer of use in herding sheep, provided a sentimental attachment to the old man, was killed because it was weak. Chapter 4The emerging character of Crooks is quite significant in this Chapter. Much like many of the other characters, Crooks suffers from a deep sense of isolation. This is due however, mostly to the fact that Crooks is an African-American. This was most evident in the scene in which Curleys wife threatens to lynch him. Crooks seems to accept his inferiority, to whites, when he refuses to take part in the George, Lennie, and Candys plans to buy the farm. Chapter 5The most striking thing in this chapter was the development of Curleys wife. It is interesting to note that she is Steinbecks only female character in the novel, and prior to this chapter, she seemed to me to be rather one-dimensional. She was consistently portrayed as merely a sensuous flirt. Her confessions to Lennie, that she in actuality disliked Curley, and once aspired to be a movie star adds a complexity to her character. The death of Curleys wife at the hands of Lennie was to me, quite predictable. George shared this sense of mine, when he initially heard of the murder. Slim, the voice of reason, advises him and George now realizes that he has only 2 options. The most painless would be to do the deed himself. Chapter 6The final chapter again brings an imagery familiar from earlier chapters. My earlier predictions of Lennies impending death were realized. Georges intense feelings or grief I believe are not only a result of the loss of his close friend, but also by the fact that he will never reach his goals and realize his dreams without Lennie. When Lennie was with him , he had a sense of purpose and something that distinguished him from the other workers. However, with Lennie gone, he must now abandon his dreams. I truly enjoyed this novel. Although the characters may have been quite one-dimensional, I believe this was necessary for Steinbeck to characterize the various dangers of the world. Furthermore, the idea of survival of the fittest is indeed quite evident, as the weak prey on the weaker. One instance of this is when Crooks,

The role of effective communication free essay sample

Communication is the imparting or exchanging of information by speaking, writing, or using some other medium. With in all health and social care settings workers have to talk to service users. It’s important that they are communicated to in the correct way to way and they are made to feel accepted and respected. Verbal communication Verbal communication is getting across a message, idea, or feeling through the use of mouth. Verbal communication is the main way of communicating face-to-face. The key components of the verbal communication are words, sound, speaking, and language. Non-verbal communication This is communication without words, the messages we send out with our eyes, facial expressions, hands and arms, gestures and posture. Posture can affect the way interactions are interoperated. This could be the way we sit or stand e. g. sitting with your arms folded could be interoperated as the person â€Å"doesn’t care† or â€Å"isn’t listening† and leaning back could be seen as the person is relaxed or bored. We will write a custom essay sample on The role of effective communication or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Whereas leaning forwards could show interest and involvement. The way we move can also effect the way we are interoperated e. g. The way we walk, move our head, sit, cross our legs can send out messages whether your are bored, happy sad or tired. If you face someone it may come across that you are angry or formal, a slight angle can create a relaxed friendly feeling. Some hand and arm gestures help us understand what a person is saying. Facial expressions can also indicate your emotions and effect the may your communication is being interoperated. For example if a person is sad they may look down and there may be tension in there face, where as a happy person will have wide eyes that make eye contact with you. You can also tell a persons emotions trough eye contact, if the person has a fixed stare it may come across that they are angry. One-to-one communication When you start a conversation with someone you don’t know well, you should try to create the right kind of feeling. It is important to create a positive emotional atmosphere before you discuss complicated issues or give people information. The people need to feel happy and relaxed to talk to you. Often people start a convocation with a greeting like ‘good morning’ or ‘hello’. You can help the other person stay relaxed by showing you are relaxed and friendly. Once you have created the good feeling, you can move on to the business (whatever you want to talk about). When you finish the convocation you want to leave the person with positive emotions so you may say something like ‘see you soon’ so the individual feels valued. Formal convocations often follow a three stage model. 1)Emotional warm up stage with a greeting 2)Business or exchange of information 3)Winding down with a farewell e. g. a social worker meeting with a new client will want to make them feel at ease and like they can talk and not feel anxious and worried about sharing information with them. Group communication Group discussions only work if individuals actually want to be involved. Talking to a group can often make people feel threatened and they may keep quiet to avoid this feeling or to avoid other people’s reactions to their opinions. It is therefore important to make sure the group has the right emotional atmosphere. People in groups often use humour or other friendly behaviour to give the group the right feeling to encourage everyone to talk. In some group talks such as team meeting and class room discussions there is a leader. Having this leader can be useful to encourage people to express their ideas and opinions and help the group co-ordinate taking turns with talking. The group leader can also help focus the group on one topic. Group communication fails if everybody speaks at once. It is important that people sit in a circle so they can see each other to creating a positive feeling and it makes it more successful in turn taken. e. g. during counselling there may be group sessions for things such as bereavement. The group talk about there experiences of loss as a coping mechanism. Informal communication This is often used when we know people well e.g. family and friends. Some family, friends and local groups may use terms that other people may not understand and have their own ways of speaking. Example â€Å"Hiya mate. How’s it going? † if you belong to this group you would understand that this is a friendly way a greeting and speaking to one another but to an outsider they may find it hard to understand. Formal communication Health and social care settings can provide both formal and informal communication. If you went to any health and social can setting you may speak to someone at reception who would speak to you in a formal manner. You would be greeted by a phrase like â€Å"Good morning, how may I help you? † this formal communication is used as it widely understood and shows respect to others. The degree of formality used is called the language ‘register’. Some people may prefer to greeted in an informal manner as it puts them at ease and feel like the person they are speaking to is like them. However in many situations informal language can make people feel that they aren’t respected. If you are formal you may also offend others and come across posh and pretentious. Communication between colleague Even if you communicate poorly your friends and family usually understand you but communicating with the people you work with can be different because: †¢It’s important care workers communicate respectfully to each other. Colleagues who don’t show each other respect may not show clients the respect they deserve †¢You may often have to greet colleagues by asking if they are well and spend time on a warm up talk in order to show them you value them †¢To demonstrate you are a good listener you will need to listen and remember details of convocations with colleagues †¢Colleagues have to develop trust in each other. This way you demonstrate you can respect the confidentiality of convocations with colleagues †¢Work settings have their own social expectations about the correct way to display thoughts and feelings. These may differ from social expectations when communicating with friends and family. Although communication between colleagues may often be informal but it’s important that care workers use skilled communication to develop respect and trust. Communication between professional people and people using services Professional people, like doctors, sometimes communicate in a specialised language. A ‘language community’ is a group of people that develop its own special words phrases social expectations and ways of interacting. Professionals are aware they need to translate technical language into simpler terms for the people who use their service. Its important professionals should check they have been understood. Multi-agency working Health and social workers often have to communicate with people who work with different organisations. Example, home care organiser may have to communicate with nurses, doctors, hospital staff, occupational therapists, voluntary group, day care groups and many others. It’s important to remember people from other group may not understand your service uses needs, formal communication with they may be necessary when talking to a new organisation to give an them a good impression about you. Multi-professional working Professionals from different back ground sometimes work together, e. g. doctors and psychologists, to get the best for the services uses. Communication will often need to be formal and careful to avoid barriers to understanding. This may be a doctor referring a patient to a councillor after the death of a family member.

Writing Tips Shortening Sentences - Proofread My Papers Blog

Writing Tips Shortening Sentences - Proofread My Papers Blog Writing Tips: Shortening Sentences Brevity is famously the soul of wit, but it’s also highly valued in academia and the business world. Why? Because writing succinctly will help you get your point across clearly, making your work more impactful. Perhaps the simplest way to make your writing more succinct is to shorten your sentences. Handily, we have a few top tips for doing exactly that! 1. Avoid Redundancy â€Å"Redundancy† means using additional words that don’t add anything meaningful to a sentence. The phrase â€Å"twelve midnight,† for instance, means exactly the same thing as â€Å"midnight,† so the â€Å"twelve† is redundant. It’s therefore a good idea to check your sentences for unnecessary words, as cutting these out will make a long sentences shorter. For example: In actual fact, every single nurse worked from 3 am in the morning to twelve midnight. Could be easily rewritten to say the same thing with fewer words: In fact, every nurse worked from 3 am to midnight. Must be why Florence Nightingale always looked so tired. 2. Break Up Long Sentences Sometimes, long sentences are easier to follow if broken down into two or more statements. The following, for instance: Making a sentence too long can be confusing because it is easy to lose track of what was said at the beginning, since they do not give the reader enough time to process what they are reading and by the end of the sentence you might have forgotten where it started! That’s 51 words with barely a pause for breath. It would make sense to break it down into three shorter sentences: Making a sentence too long can be confusing. It is easy to lose track of what was said at the beginning, since they do not give the reader enough time to process what they are reading. By the end of the sentence you might have forgotten where it started! 3. Beware Padding Words Padding words and phrases are things like â€Å"in my opinion† or â€Å"as a matter of fact,† which make a sentence longer but don’t usually add much meaning. Saying â€Å"In my opinion, the political atmosphere is toxic,† for instance, means exactly the same as â€Å"The political atmosphere is toxic.† If you need to shorten a sentence, try looking for padding phrases you could remove. 4. Use the Active Voice We’re often taught to avoid the active voice in academic writing, but sometimes using the passive voice makes sentences unwieldy. For example, the passive sentence: The hypothesis was supported by the results. Could be made a little simpler by using the active voice: The results support the hypothesis. 5. A Final Thought†¦ Using only short sentences can make your writing lack fluency. To make your work engaging, the best thing to do is vary sentence length. You can then save shorter, punchier sentences for when you need to make a forceful point or ensure clarity.

Movie review and analysis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

And analysis - Movie Review Example The film is splendid visually beginning from the costumes, sets, Mississippi location and the props. The FBI agents according to Bradford (1965) were not anywhere close to heroes and the civil rights activists; it was solely because of the social movement by the black Americans that the struggle succeeded as they took their destiny in their own hands and not because the paternalistic figures of white authority rescued them. This film practically dramatizes the death of the three civil rights activists. In the process of investigating the murders, the two FBI agents cajole and charms their way into the lips of the Mississippi residents. They solve the this murder case via exerting some influence on a worker in a beauty parlor, McDormand Frances, who wants to revenge the beatings she received from her husband, Brad Dourif, who happens to be connected to the Klan. The movie implicates that the social movement may not have attained a momentum without the white participants. Almost half o f the movie is taken up with various scenes of flame and smoke. The death of the three civil rights activists and the investigations make show how the social movement is part of the whole script. ... Majority of the debates in the film is focused on the disagreements in portraying the key events in history of the civil rights movement. The presentation of the white southern women and men, the determination of the FBI agents to fight for the cause of the civil rights, and the depiction of the process of capturing those who were at fault of the murder of the civil rights activists by the two FBI agents were the major focus of the debates in the film. In the film, I learned that the civil rights movement was purposely created to fight the racial discrimination in Mississippi of the black Americans. The movement emerged due to the consistent discrimination and violation of the civil rights of the blacks. The fight went on during the year 1964, until June the 21st when three civil rights activists were murdered by the Ku Klux Klan. The FBI agents were assigned to investigate the murders and this gave the black Americans hopes of continuing with the fight against discrimination. The ci vil rights movement first emerged in Mississippi and has spread all over the United States. As stated earlier, racial discrimination led to the emergence of this social movement by the black Americans. The major goal for the campaign of the civil rights movement was to eliminate the discrimination of the blacks and sell the idea that all people are supposed to be treated equally and with equity in as much as events and resources are concerned. The story of the movie surrounds the murder of the civil rights activists. The two FBI agents sent to Mississippi for investigation of the murder by the Ku Klux Klan enforced the social movement. The two agents agreed on the objective of the investigation, but they had constant disagreement on the methods and mechanism of how to best attain their

On the war of iraq Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

On the war of iraq - Research Paper Example tyrannical rule of Saddam Hussein, indiscriminate killing, large-scale unemployment, loss of basic infrastructure, lack of law-enforcement, and armed resistance, made the country’s future appear bleak. This is particularly true for the most vulnerable sections of Iraqi society: the children, women and old people (Ismael, 2007). The classical Just War tradition with ethical criteria for pre-emptive war, is not adequately filled by the Bush Administration’s use of military force in the attack it led against Iraq, as part of the war against global terrorism. The doctrine of pre-emptive war in the case of Iraq fails vital ethical tests (Wester, 2004). Thesis Statement: The purpose of this paper is to present an argumentative discussion on the United States’ continued war on Iraq, beginning in 2003. The extent to which it was a Just War will be examined on the basis of the presidential justification for war with Iraq, public and media misperceptions about the war created by the Administration, and level of evidentiary strength in the president’s case for war. The theoretical framework of the doctrine of Just War related to the concept of an unavoidable war to protect humanitarian rights, forms a useful tool for analysis. The doctrine includes international laws on the use of armed force in combat. â€Å"Beyond strict assessments of the legality of war, Just War doctrine is concerned with the broader notion of justice† (Enemark & Michaelson, 2005, p.545). The Just War doctrine is based on the principle that the inevitable death and destruction caused by war results in the burden of proof to explain the moral justification for war, falling on those who advocate the use of armed force. The two dimensions to Just War doctrine are: jus ad bellum or the justice of going to war, and jus in bello or the just conduct of war. The jus ad bellum framework can be used to primarily assess the justice of the decision taken by the U.S. Administration to invade Iraq in March

Personal Ethics Statement Essay Example for Free

Personal Ethics Statement Essay My personal ethical viewpoint has become clearer after coming down to the final days of class. I have learned a lot in this past nine weeks. I haven’t developed any blind spots in being ethical in certain situations, but some people do have blind spots and they do not even realize it. My ethical lens reflects on my core values which are extremely respectful in every way, I always take the time to ask myself questions to evaluate if it is unethical or not. I would have to say my strengths are always considering everyone else’s feelings and their outlook on what they believe in when coming down to proper ethics. I always take the time to think, if I say a certain thing will this affect someone else in a negative way, I am always respectful even if it is hard to do. My weakness is that sometimes I let my feelings get in the way if someone makes an unethical comment, these tend to always offend me. I feel as if I can explain proper ethics to this said person and show them how using proper ethics has a great deal of benefits. I also trust reasonable systems to solve most problems instead of trying to do it myself. My values include my family, friends, my job, and using proper ethics when it comes to important situations. My behaviors are always carefully thought out with the up most respect when coming into view with using proper ethics. How might you use your personal ethics to determine a course of action? The way I would use my personal ethics to determine a course of action is first, I would try to weigh out the positive and negatives of any situation. Mainly on what is the right thing to do, could I live with the guilt in making a decision that is unethical? I always think what if it was me, is this decision going to affect someone else’s feelings? Will this be something that affects someone else’s outlook on my ethics? I always use my ethics to determine the right decision, not the one that has a negative outcome.

Roman Aqueducts :: essays research papers

Ancient Rome had eleven major aqueducts, built between 312 B.C. (Aqua Appia) and 226 A.D. (Aqua Alexandria); the longest (Anio Novus) was 59 miles long. It has been calculated that in imperial times, when the city's population was well over a million, the distribution system was able to provide over one cubic meter of water per day for each inhabitant: more than we use nowadays. For most of their length the early aqueducts were simply channels bored through the rock, from the water intake in the hills almost to the distribution cistern in Rome. The depth of the channel below ground varied so as to maintain a constant, very shallow gradient (less than 1/200) throughout the length of the aqueduct; vertical shafts were bored at intervals to provide ventilation and access. Only in the final stretches was the conduit raised on arches, to give a sufficient head for distribution of the water within the city. In order to keep the gradient constant, the aqueducts took a roundabout route, fol lowing the contours of the land and heading along spurs which led towards Rome. The most dramatic parts of a Roman aqueduct were—and still are—the bridges (also known as arcades) that carried the water over low spots in the terrain. Perhaps the best-known of these is the Pont du Gard, a part of the aqueduct that served the town in Nà ®mes in Gaul (today's France). The bridge stands on three tiers of arches and has a length of 274 m (900 ft). Built without the use of mortar, it stands 49 m (160 ft) above the Bornà ¨gre Ravine. Another famous Roman aqueduct is the one in Segovia, Spain; it still carries water, although it did need restoration in the 15th century. s time went on, Roman engineers became more daring in the construction of high arches to support the conduits across valleys and plains and some of the later aqueducts were as much as 27 meters (about 100 feet) above ground level in places. Closed pipes were occasionally used to cross valleys by the "inve rted syphon" method: the pressure forced the water down and up again on the other side, to a level slightly lower than before. But this system was costly, as it required lead pipes (lead had to be imported from Spain or Great Britain) and it was difficult to make joints strong enough to withstand the pressure; so arches were far more common.

Parents Influenced on Their Children

influenced of parents to their children Parental Influences on Personality: A Comparison of Trait and Phenomenological Theories Stu Dent SS# 123-45-6789 Psych 210: Theories of Personality Dr. Cervone — Fall, 2001 Parental Influences on Personality: A Comparison of Trait and Phenomenological Theories A seemingly obvious fact about human nature is that our personality is influenced by our parents. Intuitively, it seems as if the way our parents raise us exerts an enduring influence on the nature of our personality.By teaching certain types of behavior and by punishing actions of which they disapprove, parents may significantly influence the behavioral and emotional styles of their children. This intuition, however, contrasts with a second one. Common knowledge tells us that siblings often differ greatly from one another. One brother may be outgoing, the other shy. One sister may be conservative, the other liberal. Since siblings have the same parents, and parents tend to treat t heir children similarly, such examples seem to suggest that parents’ style of child rearing might make little difference to the personality of their children.The question of parental influences on personality, then, is an interesting puzzle for scientific theory and research in personality psychology. Theories of personality have taken different viewpoints on the question of parental influences on personality. This paper addresses two theories that present contrasting views. These are the trait and phenomenological theories of personality. In the trait theories, the basic variables of the theory are people’s traits, that is, their â€Å"broad predispositions . . . to respond in particular ways† (Pervin & John, 2001, p. 26). Most trait theories try to identify a common set of traits that can be used to describe the personality of any individual. These â€Å"nomothetic† trait theories rely on the statistical procedure of factor analysis to identify dimensio ns that can be used summarize individual differences in personality traits. Researchers using this technique commonly identify a set of five trait dimensions. These Big Five personality traits include extroversion, neuroticism, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and openness to experience (Pervin & John, 2001).Once one identifies a set of basic traits in this manner, a primary question is to identify where the traits come from. Why do some people have more or less of a given trait than others? Almost all trait theorists have sought biological explanations for variations in traits. People are seen to inherit a given level of a trait in the same way that they might inherit hair color or height. This viewpoint is consistent with findings on genetics and personality, which indicate that identical twins’ personalities are far more similar than would be expected by chance (Pervin & John, 2001).The trait theories, then, have an interesting implication for the question of parental inf luences on personality. If personality is defined in terms of personality traits, and if traits are thought to be inherited, then parental styles of child rearing would appear to have little influence on children’s personality. The only influence parents would have on their children’s personality is a biological one. They pass their genes on to their children. According to the trait theories, parents interpersonal interactions with their children would exert little effect on the child’s personality development.A very different view is put forth by proponents of phenomenological theories of personality. The primary focus of the phenomenological theories is the individual’s subjective experience of their world, that is, their phenomenological experience (Pervin & John, 2001). In particular, people’s subjective experience of themselves, or their self-concept, is seen as the core of individuals’ personalities. Among the most prominent of the phe nomenological theories of personality is the self theory of Carl Rogers (Pervin & John, 2001).Rogers contended that people’s psychological experiences are not determined by objective events in the world, but by their subjective interpretations of these events. These interpretations, in turn, are heavily influenced by a person’s self concept. Specifically, people may experience psychological distress when they cannot integrate their daily experiences with their sense of who they really are, as might be manifested by a person’s saying that â€Å"I just haven’t been acting like myself lately. † Alternatively, a person might feel guilty or depressed if their ctions do not meet their â€Å"ideal self,† that is, the person’s subjective sense of what they ideally should be like; in such circumstances, a person might report that â€Å"I’m disappointed with myself. † People’s self-views, then, are a primary determinant of their overall experiences. With regard to the question of parental influences, Rogers’ phenomenological theory has a very different implication than that deriving from trait theory. According to Rogers, self concept, like other aspects of phenomenological experience, is not inherited but instead develops gradually as people interact with the world and the other people around them.Rogers suggests that people develop a positive self-concept if they experience â€Å"unconditional positive regard,† that is, if people consistently respect and accept them for who they really are. People who experience unconditional positive regard, then, should have a positive view of self that enables them to approach daily activities in an open-minded, psychologically flexible and creative manner. In contrast, less positive personality development occurs if people experience â€Å"conditions of worth,† that is, if other people establish criteria, or conditions, for what is valued be havior.Such individuals may experience a more negative view of self that leads them to approach life activities in a more cautious, tentative, self-critical, and unconfident style. Since parents are generally the major source of influence in the early years of child development, the extent to which parents display unconditional positive regard to their children, as opposed to imposing conditions of worth, should influence long-term personality development. A primary question, then, is how one might be able to test these theories one against the other.Since personality theorists are attempting to development conceptions of human nature that can be evaluated by objective empirical evidence, it should be possible to marshal scientific evidence that bears on the relative merits of the two theories. For the question of parental influences on personality, one key source of evidence would be longitudinal studies, that is, studies that examine the same individuals across a long period of ti me. Ideally, such work would measure aspects of child rearing early in life and determine whether they predict personality characteristics as measured later in life.Such a study has been conducted by Harrington, Block, & Block (1987). They studied a large group of people at two points in time: early childhood and adolescence. During early childhood, the researchers obtained measures of the degree to which each child’s parents exhibited a â€Å"Rogerian† style of child rearing, that is, a style in which few conditions of worth were imposed on children and, instead, children were accepted for who they are and were allowed to explore the world freely. There were two such measures.One was a self-report of parents’ child-rearing styles, and the other was an observational measure in which researchers observed parents interacting with their children and coded whether the parents acted in a prototypic Rogerian manner. They two measures were combined into an overall inde x of Rogerian child rearing. In adolescence, the researchers obtained a measure of creativity. Teachers were asked to rate the degree to which the research participants, who were their students, approached tasks in an open-minded, creative manner.Since the researchers had measures on the same individuals at two points in time, they were able to determine the degree to which the childhood measure of parenting style predicted the adolescent measure of creativity. The finding strongly supported Rogers’ theory of personality development (Harrington et al. , 1987). Just as Rogers would have predicted, children whose parents treated them in a Rogerian style turned out to be adolescents who were judged as being more creative. Child rearing style was a statistically significant predictor of creativity.Importantly, this was true even when the researchers controlled for a measure of intelligence that also was obtained during childhood. It is not merely the case that intelligent childre n were treated in a Rogerian style and also were creative. Instead, even controlling for intelligence, parental child rearing predicted creativity. In evaluating the two theories, the results clearly support Rogers’ phenomenological perspective, as noted above. Children’s experiences of alternative parenting styles seem to have influenced a significant aspect of their personality and to have done to in exactly the manner Rogers would have anticipated.In contrast, the results conflict with the trait theory position that personality characteristics are largely inherited and that aspects of the environment that are shared by multiple siblings, such as parental child rearing style, exert little influence on personality characteristics later in life. Since the work of Harrington et al. (1987) was conducted a number of years ago, one might ask how trait theorists, in light of these results, could maintain their view that parental styles of child rearing exert little influenc e on personality. The results would seem to provide objective evidence against their theories.One possibility is that trait theories are focusing only on specific, narrow aspects of human personality, and that parental child rearing styles exert an influence on other aspects of personality that trait theorists have overlooked. Recall that, as described above, the core variables of trait theory are people’s average tendencies to exhibit general styles of emotion or behavior. It is noteworthy that none of these personality trait variables addresses people’s self-concept. Although trait theorists surely do recognize that people have self-concepts, they seem to have eliminated the notion of self-concept from the core of personality.Self-concept is not a â€Å"personality structure† in their view. This seems hard to defend, since people’s views of themselves are such a central feature of psychological experience. By focusing on overt styles of behavior, rather than the inner psychological life of the individual, including his or her views of self, trait theories may be missing an important aspect of human nature. The development of a stable conception of oneself and one’s personal qualities is a critical feature of personality, and it may be one that is shaped to a large degree by interactions between children and their parents. References Harrington, D. , Block, J. H. & Block. J. (1987). Testing aspects of Carl Rogers’ theory of creative environments: Child-rearing antecedents of creative potential in young adolescents. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 851-856. Pervin, L. A. , & John, O. P. (2001). Personality: Theory and research (8th ed. ). New York: John Wiley & Sons. Notes (Your paper would not have these notes; these notes merely are intended for members of the class. They correspond to the circled numbers in the margins of the text. ) 1. This was a rare instance in which I wanted to quote directly fr om another source, in order to get the precisely correct definition on the term.To indicate that the material is taken directly from the textbook, I put the passage in quotation marks and included the page number in the book that contains the original material (p. 226). Note that you have to take these two steps even if you take only a few words from the other source. Even though it was only 7 words, Pervin and John wrote those words, not me, so they have to be in quotes. Otherwise, the material would be plagiarized. Any material that comes from another source and that appears in your paper has to be in quotation marks, and you must include the page number on the book or journal that contains the original material.In general, you should have very few passages of directly quoted material. The words in your paper should be yours, not somebody else’s. 2. This paragraph is a useful one for this paper assignment. Perhaps the most difficult part of the assignment is to figure out h ow specific, concrete research findings relate to the general, abstract ideas of the personality theories. You should make clear to the reader how the study that you review relates to the two theories. 3. When writing the paper, you should provide some information about the type of study your are reviewing, as in this paragraph, and then should review the results.

Pediatric Generalized Anxiety Disorder - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 960 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/04/10 Category Psychology Essay Tags: Anxiety Essay Did you like this example? Both children and adolescents occasionally experience the anxiety that accompanies stressful events. Alarmingly, it isnt uncommon that many children and teens in the US are diagnosed with an anxiety disorder. Anxiety disorders and co-occurring disorders like depression and separation anxiety disorder (SAD) have a dramatic effect on a childs quality of life. Generalized anxiety disorder is one of the most common types of anxiety disorders, and unfortunately, it affects a large portion of the pediatric population. Children with a generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) are described as having uncontrollable feelings of fear that are overwhelming and excessive in nature. These children persistently worry about before, during, and after a daily activity has happened. Generalized anxiety disorder is estimated to affect 15% of children in the US with an age of onset of 8.5 years. The exact cause of pediatric GAD is unclear and disputed among many professionals; however, its widely believed that there are both biological and environmental etiologies. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Pediatric Generalized Anxiety Disorder" essay for you Create order For example, parents with pre-existing anxiety may transfer the same affliction to their children genetically. Alternatively, children who are being raised by overprotective parents attempting to reduce anxious behaviors are at-risk of manifesting GAD. Children and adolescents will report private events like physical pains that include: heart palpitations, muscle tension, stomach aches, and headaches. Some notable overt behavioral manifestations include insomnia, latching onto family members, and a severe lack of attention. Covert behaviors are marked by feelings of nervousness, fatigue, stress, and restlessness. Involuntary actions such as sweating, hyperventilation, increased heart rate, and trembling are commonly observed symptoms. Surprisingly, children with isolated GAD do not typically produce anxious behaviors when conversing, and they can maintain normal conversation with their peers. There are skills that are slightly impacted, but these issues are not significantly problematic when it comes to a childs communication repertoire. Children with GAD have problems with assertiveness, give minimal eye contact with partners, interject with fewer comments, and ask fewer questions during conversation. In addition, children with GAD have smaller groups of friends, yet they are still preferred over children with other anxiety disorders, especially those with social phobia (SP). Although GAD does not have a profound effect on communication by itself, social skills are greatly impaired when other disorders are present. For example, in children with ASD and comorbid GAD: the social use of language is weakened; thus, maintaining conversation is difficult. Retrieval of verbal cues is also disrupted because of increased anxiety which ultimately leads to communication breakdown. As for the behavioral dimension of GAD, we unfortunately see more problem behaviors associated with this disorder. Parents often report their children avoiding their responsibilities by complaining too much. Clinicians will find that these patients will worry excessively about themselves and their family members, and sometimes think a natural disaster will threaten their safety. A prominent avoidance behavior involves avoiding going to school because they worry about their performance in school and other extracurricular activities; these kids strive for perfection which results in low self-esteem. Despite having relatively small social difficulties, children and teens with GAD can have strained relationships with family and friends because they unrealistically seek constant reassurance from them. Finally, they may exhibit an aggressive temper or act downtrodden when they receive critique that appears to be harsh from teachers or parents. Treatment interventions for GAD can vary depending on a childs personality, their level of development, and familial background. Positive reinforcement would be the most effective therapy option for clinicians treating pediatric GAD. Depression, social anxiety disorder/social phobia (SP), and separation anxiety disorder (SAD) are common comorbid disorders which can have a detrimental effect on a childs self-esteem and self-image. Negative reinforcement could potentially have a negative effect on a childs well-being and may trigger an anxiety attack. This is especially true if the stimulus is something especially unpleasant like a buzzer or a siren, which may lead the child to believe they are in imminent danger. Clinicians should consider using positive reinforcers like candles (olfactory), music (auditory), and coloring books (tangible) that will allow the child to alleviate stress and provide a relaxing atmosphere while they work on their goal for the day. An intermittent reinforce ment schedule would be the most effective reinforcement schedule for children with GAD since these children are usually beyond the phase of acquisition; therefore, no continuous reinforcement schedule is necessary. A ratio schedule of reinforcement is the most suitable since it will lend no element of surprise to the child. The child knows theyll be reinforced after they accurately perform the correct number of responses; nevertheless, its best to start with a fixed schedule and then fade into a variable one. Starting with a variable schedule when first treating a child could increase a childs paranoia; thus, rendering therapy obsolete. A task analysis is another potential intervention for children with GAD. Anxiety is marked by increased stress, and these patients will need to learn how to cope with exasperating situations. Clinicians can perform an empirical task analysis by modeling activities like meditating, yoga, and exercise. A rational task analysis which involves asking a therapist is another option for treating GAD. Therapists may recommend combining cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) with medication most notably, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Pediatric generalized anxiety disorder affects many teens and children in the United States, and it unfortunately goes under-recognized because many clinicians assume that worrying is a normative part of childhood development. Although, communication is not severely impaired, behavioral symptoms are significantly profound and recognizable. It is important that we lend our attentions to these children as this disorder can worsen over time. Offering the child or teen a relaxing atmosphere and combining different strategies can help with treatment. A cohesive collaboration between a team of professionals can drastically help and make way for successful outcomes.