The History of Pi Essay Example

The History of Pi Essay Example The History of Pi Essay The History of Pi Essay Before I talk about the history of Pi I want to explain what Pi is. Websters Collegiate Dictionary defines Pi as 1: the 16th letter of the Greek alphabet 2 a: the symbol pi denoting the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter b: the ratio itself: a transcendental number having a value to eight decimal places of 3. 14159265 A number can be placed into several categories based on its properties. Is it prime or composite? Is it imaginary or real? Is it transcendental or algebraic? These questions help define a numbers behavior in different situations. In order to understand where Pi fits in to the world of mathematics, one must understand several of its properties pi is irrational and pi is transcendental. A rational number is one that can be expressed as the fraction of two integers. Rational numbers converted into decimal notation always repeat themselves somewhere in their digits. For example, 3 is a rational number as it can be written as 3/1 and in decimal notation it is expressed with an infinite amount of zeros to the right of the decimal point. 1/7 is also a rational number. Its decimal notation is 0. 142857142857†¦, a repetition of six digits. However, the square root of 2 cannot be written as the fraction of two integers and is therefore irrational. For many centuries prior to the actual proof, mathematicians had thought that pi was an irrational number. The first attempt at a proof was by Johaan Heinrich Lambert in 1761. Through a complex method he proved that if x is rational, tan(x) must be irrational. It follows that if tan(x) is rational, x must be irrational. Since tan(pi/4)=1, pi/4 must be irrational; therefore, pi must be irrational. Many people saw Lamberts proof as too simplified an answer for such a complex and long-lived problem. In 1794, however, A. M. Legendre found another proof which backed Lambert up. This new proof also went as far as to prove that Pi^2 was also irrational. In the long history of the number Pi, there have been many twists and turns, many inconsistencies that reflect the condition of the human race as a whole. Through each major period of world history and in each regional area, the state of intellectual thought, the state of mathematics, and hence the state of Pi, has been dictated by the same socio-economic and geographic forces as every other aspect of civilization. The following is a brief history, organized by period and region, of the development of our understanding of the number Pi. A transcendental number is one that cannot be expressed as a solution of ax^n+bx^(n-1)+ +cx^0=0 where all coefficients are integers and n is finite. For example, x=sqrt(2), which is irrational, can be expressed as x^2-2=0. This shows that the square root of 2 is nontranscendental, or algebraic. It is very easy to prove that a number is not transcendental, but it is extremely difficult to prove that it is transcendental. This feat was finally accomplished for Pi by Ferdinand von Lindemann in 1882. He based his proof on the works of two other mathematicians: Charles Hermite and Euler. In 1873, Hermite proved that the constant e was transcendental. Combining this with Eulers famous equation e^(i*Pi)+1=0, Lindemann proved that since e^x+1=0, x is required to be transcendental. Since it was accepted that i was algebraic, Pi had to be transcendental in order to make i*Pi transcendental. Now that I have explained what Pi is and several of its properties, lets look at its history. In ancient times, Pi was discovered independently by the first civilizations to begin agriculture. Their new sedentary life style first freed up time for mathematical pondering, and the need for permanent shelter necessitated the development of basic engineering skills, which in many instances required a knowledge of the relationship between the square and the circle (usually satisfied by finding a reasonable approximation of Pi). Although there are no surviving records of individual mathematicians from this period, historians today know the values used by some ancient cultures. Here is a sampling of some cultures and the values that they used: Babylonians 3 1/8, Egyptians (16/9)^2, Chinese 3, Hebrews 3 (implied in the Bible, I Kings vii, 23). The first record of an individual mathematician taking on the problem of Pi (often called squaring the circle, and involving the search for a way to cleanly relate either the area or the circumference of a circle to that of a square) occurred in ancient Greece in the 400s B. C. (this attempt was made by Anaxagoras). Based on this fact, it is not surprising that the Greek culture was the first to truly delve into the possibilities of abstract mathematics. The part of the Greek culture centered in Athens made great leaps in the area of geometry, the first branch of mathematics to be thoroughly explored. Antiphon, an Athenian philosopher, first stated the principle of exhaustion (click on Antiphon for more info). Hippias of Elis created a curve called the quadratrix, which actually allowed the theoretical squaring of the circle, though it was not practical. In the late Greek period (300s-200s B. C. ), after Alexander the Great had spread Greek culture from the western borders of India to the Nile Valley of Egypt, Alexandria, Egypt became the intellectual center of the world. Among the many scholars who worked at the University there, by far the most influential to the history of Pi was Euclid. Through the publishing of Elements, he provided countless future mathematicians with the tools with which to attack the Pi problem. The other great thinker of this time, Archimedes, studied in Alexandria but lived his life on the island of Sicily. It was Archimedes who approximated his value of Pi to about 22/7, which is still a common value today. Archimedes was killed in 212 B. C. in the Roman conquest of Syracuse. In the years after his death, the Roman Empire gradually gained control of the known world. Despite their other achievements, the Romans are not known for their mathematical achievements. The dark period after the fall of Rome was even worse for Pi. Little new was discovered about Pi until well into the decline of the Middle Ages, more than a thousand years after Archimedes death.

St. Lawrence University Admissions and Acceptance Rate

St. Lawrence University Admissions and Acceptance Rate St. Lawrence University in Canton, New York is a somewhat selective school. Less than half of applicants are accepted each year. Students with strong grades and an impressive application, however, have a decent chance of being admitted. Applicants are not required to submit SAT or ACT scores. They will need to send in high school transcripts, a personal essay, and several letters of recommendation. For help with the application process, feel free to contact the admissions office at St. Lawrence. Calculate your chances of getting in with this free tool from Cappex. Admissions Data (2016) St. Lawrence University Acceptance Rate: 43  percentSt. Lawrence University is test-optionalGPA, SAT and ACT graph for St. LawrenceWhat these SAT numbers meanWhat these ACT numbers mean St. Lawrence University Description St. Lawrence University can boast that it has been coeducational with a progressive teaching philosophy since its founding in 1856. The schools name comes from the nearby St. Lawrence river, the site of both crew practice and academic research. The university is located in Canton, New York, a town not far from Potsdam. Explore the campus with the  St. Lawrence University Photo Tour. The university has a graduate program in education, but SLUs primary focus is at the undergraduate level. With an 12 to 1  student/faculty ratio, students are sure to get a lot of interaction with the faculty. Study abroad, community service, and sustainability are all important parts of St. Lawrences identity, and starting in the fall of 2012, some first-year students got the opportunity to spend their first college semester in London, and the university has had a second-semester program in France for several years. On the athletic front, the St. Lawrence Saints compete in the NCAA Division III Liberty League for most sports. The university has 32 intercollegiate teams and made my list of  top equestrian colleges. Enrollment (2016) Total Enrollment: 2,464  (2,377 undergraduates)Gender Breakdown: 45 percent male; 55 percent female99 percent full-time Costs (2016-17) Tuition and Fees: $51,200Books: $750 (why so much?)Room and Board: $13,190Other Expenses: $900Total Cost: $66,040 St. Lawrence University Financial Aid (2015 -16) Percentage of New Students Receiving Aid: 100  percentPercentage of New Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 100 percentLoans: 55 percentAverage Amount of AidGrants: $32,191Loans: $7,775 Academic Programs Most Popular Majors:  Art, Biology, Economics, English, Fine Arts, History, Mathematics, Political Science, Psychology, Social Science, Sociology What major is right for you?  Sign up to take the free My Careers and Majors Quiz at Cappex. Graduation and Retention Rates First Year Student Retention (full-time students): 90  percentTransfer-out Rate: 13 percent4-Year Graduation Rate: 81  percent6-Year Graduation Rate: 84  percent Intercollegiate Athletic Programs Mens Sports:  Skiing, Football, Golf, Ice Hockey, Riding, Rowing, Lacrosse, Basketball, Baseball, Cross CountryWomens Sports:  Skiing, Riding, Soccer, Softball, Basketball, Field Hockey, Ice Hockey, Cross Country If You Like St. Lawrence University, You May Also Like These Schools Ithaca College: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity of Vermont: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphSkidmore College: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphSyracuse University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphTrinity College: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity of Rochester: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphAlfred University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphBoston University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphCornell University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphBowdoin College: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphBates College: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphHobart William Smith Colleges: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT Graph Data Source: National Center for Educational Statistics

Factionalism in American Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Factionalism in American Politics - Essay Example Madison underscores the importance of breaking or controlling the factions and the ‘factious spirit’ that make public administration a complex affair. Factions exist in the American politics and continue to pose a problem especially in the development of public policies. The factions are mainly caused by the inequality that exists in the distribution of wealth and property.   The passing of The Healthcare Reform Bill brought to the fore the various factions at the various stages of the passing of the bill. The healthcare bill while designed for the benefit of the majority of the Americans faced major hurdles during the legislative process. The factions that opposed the bills include those who were opposed to the Stupak-Pitts Amendment provision in the bill. The pro-choice faction in the house argued that the Stupak-Pitts Amendment imposes restrictions on the right of women to access reproductive health services. Women should be guaranteed these rights by law. The other faction in the healthcare debate is those that were in support of the Stupak-Pitts Amendment. This faction argues that abortion should be restricted, and proposes a further restriction on funding on abortion. In the process of enacting the legislation there was a faction that was against the passing of the healthcare reform bill as they had some concerns about impact that the bill will have on the illegal immigrants’ attempts to access healthcare services (‘Obama Hails Vote on Health Care as Answering ‘the Call of History’).The factions that were at play in the development of the healthcare reform bills have brought about a situation in which the proponents, as well as the opponents of healthcare reforms policies, give different explanations to their positions on healthcare reform.

Abuse of the Elderly Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Abuse of the Elderly - Research Paper Example Abuse and neglect are too often visited upon older individuals who have lost some degree of their independence, and many areas do not have the programs necessary to effectively counter this threat on the community level. There is even abuse and neglect that goes on with healthcare facilities, nursing homes, and home environments, and this is perhaps the most insidious sort of abuse. In some cultures, the elderly are prized and honored above all other citizens and groups, but unfortunately this is not the case in the present culture. Elder abuse can happen in healthcare or nursing home situations, or it could happen at the hands of the elder’s own family and support system. In the US today, older individuals are more likely to be seen as being in the way of the young than as role models who should be exalted because of their aged wisdom. Presently, however, many individuals are treated harshly by healthcare facilities and even their own kin, making elder abuse a significant pro blem in society. Also, in terms of economic scales, older individuals who are of a lower socio-economic class are more likely to be abused or mistreated. These people may lack a stable caregiver. There are those who say the aged should be used as models who should be exalted because of their aged wisdom. Presently, however, many individuals are treated harshly by healthcare facilities and even, as the proposed report will show, their own families and support systems, making elder abuse a significant problem in society.

The film of Step Mom by Gigi Levangie Essay Example for Free

The film of Step Mom by Gigi Levangie Essay A Comparison between my improvisation of Generation gap by us and the film of Step Mom by Gigi Levangie The two pieces of improvisation are good for a comparison because our improvisation is about two single parents one who lives with their mother moving in and how the children react to each other. Step mom is however slightly different as it is about parents who have just got divorced and are introducing the fathers new girlfriend in to the childrens lifes too. So our play is about the reaction towards the children and the film is about the reaction between the step mom. It is also very good from comparison as the family with the Grandmother in Generation gap previous relationship ended by death and in Step mom it ends with a death by the mother of the children dying from cancer. They are similar, as they are both sets in present day and shows how people react when introducing new members in to their lives. They may react snappy or just miserable around them and whether it is possible for them to change their feelings as in step mom the girl Anna was snappy and miserable at different times but by the end of the play she was able to accept the step mom. In our improvisation the teenager had similar symptoms but in each others presence they just argued and the younger boy would just wind the older sister but was upset as the sister was able to be mean to. So in this play the relations seem to worsen between the characters and it even affected the way the parents felt towards each other to some aspects as there children are more important to them and are likely to take their childs side and end up arguing. This also happened in the movie, as the mother would get annoyed when the step mom arrived late or did things wrong as she hasnt as much experience as her in being a mother. They both showed signs that the children meant more to them as they stick up for their child always and end up in argument in our play In Step Mom The father talks to the children and says relationships can change. The way he acts around his girlfriend suggests that it would be hard to make a choice as he loves both his girlfriend and children but you see that he would probably put his children first but this isnt certain. But they could be equal you dont know whether he means this or whether hes mocking the child in saying its impossible to stop loving your child. This is similar in both plays showing children is most important in keeping familys together.

Sakis Stories and the Impression they Create about Adult-Child Relatio

Saki's Stories and the Impression they Create about Adult-Child Relationships In order to answer this question I am going to be focusing on three of Saki?s stories; the story-teller, the lumber room and the open window. Children at the time Hector Munro (Saki) was writing these stories would have had very vivid imagination; this is shown in Saki's story 'The Open Window' when the niece makes up the saga of Mr Sappleton's death, illustrates how imaginative children can be, and that adults are very easily fooled. Fooling adults is a key theme in Saki's stories; another time when it occurs is in the story 'The Lumber Room' when Nicholas dupes his aunt into believing that he is somehow trying to get into the gooseberry garden, but instead has no intention of doing so but does sn...

Between 1820 and 1860 there were a few fundamental differences between the economies of the North and South Essay

?Between 1820 and 1860 there were a few fundamental differences between the economies of the North and South. How far do you agree? Between 1820 and 1860 there were problems in America that resulted in the civil war in 1861, the economy affected the North and South during the civil war, and some major differences helped win the civil war. However this does not mean that the economy had many fundamental differences. For example the methods of earning money were different, but overall both earned roughly the same amount of money. Firstly, the main difference was that the North relied much more on money from industry and manufacturing, as they had more connections with foreign countries, and more factories were built. In the North in 1860 there were 74,000 factories producing two thirds, of goods for America. Whereas in the South there were only 2 major factors: Textiles factory in South Carolina and an Iron works in Virginia set up in 1840. Although they had fewer factories, the Iron works was vital, as it supplied the North with weaponry during the Civil war. In 1850 the South only produced 10% of the nations manufactured output. However the South did lack the industrialisation because their agricultural methods were so effective they had no need for change. The South was also very traditional and disliked change, whereas seven out of eight immigrants had chosen to settle in the North, and they had seen new ideas in other places in Europe so were welcome to change. This is shown by the South’s labour force being reduced from 82% to 81% over 60 years, on the other hand, the North’s labour force was reduced from 68% to 40% over the 60 years. This is however not a reflection on the North rapidly reducing agriculturally, because they still relied on agriculture, and a lot of the North was still rural. Around the urban areas, the population was increasing as towns and cities were developing swiftly. As the North had smaller but still prosperous farmers known as yeomen, they did not earn as much money through agriculture, because they did not have many or any slaves at all, so they could not produce the high quantities that the south did. Farmers that had lots of land were called plantation owners; there were many more plantations in the south, and when the cotton gin was created in 1793, there was a boom in cotton, and the benefit of having slaves increased. This made Southern plantation owners invest their capital in the Slaves, because they produced so much cotton, which was very lucrative. 55% of slaves worked in cotton which shows how much money was made out of it. The South needed to transport their goods to the North so that it could be transported abroad, but there was a lack of transport in South, as they only had 35% of the train tracks, which affected them in the Civil war. This meant it was fairly expensive to transport the cotton, but they still received a good amount of money if they lived near a train track. When the cotton arrived in the North the Lowell factory system meant the manufacturing of it was very cheap, which meant the North earnt a large margin on it. Although the danger of the South investing all their money in Slaves was that when slavery got banned, they lost a lot of money, which was partly why they were so keen to keep slavery. However only one quarter of the population owned a slave, as they were expensive (in 1860 they were $1800 which was double the price in 1820). The North’s economy was based on free labour whereas the South’s was based on slave labour, which meant that the North’s economy was more stimulated by the presence of workers with money who could buy products, which would make money for the company, which in turn would increase wages or hire more workers. The South’s economy was largely devoid of this benefit. Essentially, the economy in the South was weaker and only based on a few important exports (cotton, tobacco, and sugar). This made the South less diversified, as they focused their sales on cotton. Another difference is tariffs; in 1828 congress passes a controversial high protective tax. This majorly benefitted the North as they were the main distributors. However the South were very worried about this because they believed that if they stopped buying the expensive foreign goods, then foreign countries would stop buying their goods, as they would have tax on them too. This affected the economy until the tax was promised to be reduced after the law in 1833. In contrast the North and South didn’t have many fundamental differences. They both created a lot of money, and were not lacking at all, the only difference was the method in which was used to make the money. The economic diversification was similar too, as 10% of Northerners owned 68% of the wealth, and the wealth was dominated by the plantation owners, called oligarchies, as there were few free-soilers. 12% of the plantation owners owned half the slaves. This shows that there were few farmers, but the big plantations owned many slaves. Even though the North seems to be more industrial, the South also made efforts to modernise industrially, but they just lacked because of the closed opinions of the southerners. Also not many people in the North and the South owned slaves, it was more of a rare thing, and the main owners, owned a large amount of slaves. However there was a larger need for slaves in the South, because there was cheap labour force from Europe settling in the North which meant slaves were more expensive so were not deemed as important. Overall I think there were many differences between the North and South between 1820 and 1860. Some affected the outcome of the Civil war such as the transport boom, and the industrialisation in the North, but a fundamental point is that numerically they have equal amounts of income; there were just different methods to earning the money. However the differences were major; the amount of industrialisation, and amount of agriculture, the manufactured output, and the need for slaves, was all very different for the North and South. The main similarity was the economic diversification.

Research Paper: Marjane Satrapi Essay

Beset with the unthinkable, the Islamic Revolution defines turbulent times for many Iranians (Tehran). Numerous females including Satrapi were robbed of their social rights due to westernizing and secular efforts (Tehran). In turn, the Islamic Revolution undermined the younger Satrapi’s ability to come to terms with her own identity; nevertheless, she now writes to share her experience with oppression and her later journey towards cultural integration. It is a historical dispute that woman did not have their share of say in the revolutionaries’ political agenda (Mouri). In the months following the Revolution, obligatory hijabs were decreed (Mouri). Girls of every age rank were forced to wear a veil. Several active Iranian female revolutionists discharged into the street protesting what soon became the law of the land. Their male comrades did not offer support believing that the time was not appropriate. Instead, they simply encouraged solidarity with the new government in order to display a united front before their international enemies (Kar). Consequently, wearing hijab became mandatory, and the lack of it was disciplinary (Kar). Satrapi was 10 at the time, experiencing her first instances of Iran’s social and political transformations. (Kutschera). The compulsory hijab eventually assumed a government-sponsored and aggressive position (Kar). Various female and liberal minded organizations were marginalized and strip ped of their supremacy. The regime suppressed these crowds through methods such as coercion, enticements, deportation, and brutal force. Years later, Satrapi was spared the oppression of an Islamic regime at the peak of its worst (Leith). Her lack of unwavering obedience and expressive nature would have caused her immense trouble with government. Thus, afraid she’d be a victim of the regime’s repression and prejudice, her parents sent her to Vienna (Kutschera). Unfortunately, she was challenged with preconceived notions held by Europeans (Leith). While attending a boarding school ran by nuns, Marjane was expelled for calling the chief mother a prostitute when she claimed that Iranians were â€Å"uneducated† (Hattenstone). Marjane’s life eventually plummeted leading her to homelessness, bronchitis, and drug abuse (Hattenstone). Defeated, she escaped the havoc by returning home, ultimately surrendering herself to the lifestyle she once rejected (Hattenstone). Unfortunately, the hijab and restricted style options weren’t Satrapi’s mere concern. Upon her arrival home, Satrapi dealt with more prejudice than she had originally anticipated. She was known as the Western Iranian, which made her cultural transition in Iran especially difficult. Her later diagnosis with depression fostered even more mayhem within her life resulting in suicidal attempts. Her early 20’s were indeed tempestuous times as she struggled to establish and integrate herself into foreign customs. The end of the Islamic Revolution didn’t necessarily mean that the essence of corruption and repression were eradicated. In fact, the bitterness lingered for another 30 years shaping a void for many Iranian women. The marriage age for females was lowered to nine, and they lacked the rights to obtain divorce. Meanwhile, their male counterparts were able to assume full custody of their children, obtain unilateral divorce, and have as many wives as they desired. In all, females received a lot of harsh treatment if they failed abide by the restrictive nature of Islamic rule. For a female foreigner like Satrapi, simply bearing a different style of clothing or thought was enough to galvanize unwanted attention. It was remarkably problematic having to assimilate into a culture she had to escape from in the first place. In the end, Satrapi realized that although Iran is her home, the social oppression outweighed that one factor. She eventually returned to Europe to pursue an art degree and take on the next chapter of her life, Persepolis. Persepolis was written in efforts to share her experience regarding the Islamic regime. It is often a misconception that Iranians were religious fanatics versus being traditional, and for that, Satrapi wrote to bring light and understanding into the situation. She wanted to clarify that what people saw in the news didn’t bear the whole picture. Her other renowned writing projects such as Chickens and Plums and Persepolis II also entail political elements along with personal experiences. It is ultimately her way of preserving an evolutionary truth that could have succumbed had she not taken the time to share. Consequently, Satrapi’s story is now one of the most popular books known for embodying a realistic coming of age story during the Islamic Revolution. She undertakes a realistic portrayal of how private life and public life can be drastically assailed by political upheaval.

Nmap Essay Example

Nmap Essay Example Nmap Paper Nmap Paper Title:- Network Scanning using NMAP in Windows Exp. No:-1 Aim:- To study NMAP Software and demonstrate using various websites. Theory:- Nmap (â€Å"Network Mapper†) is an open source tool for network exploration and security auditing. It was designed to rapidly scan large networks, although it works fine against single hosts. Nmap uses raw IP packets in novel ways to determine what hosts are available on the network, what services (application name and version) those hosts are offering, what operating systems (and OS versions) they are running, what type of packet filters/firewalls are in use, and dozens of other characteristics. While Nmap is commonly used for security audits, many systems and network administrators find it useful for routine tasks such as network inventory, managing service upgrade schedules, and monitoring host or service uptime. The output from Nmap is a list of scanned targets, with supplemental information on each depending on the options used. Key among that information is the â€Å"interesting ports table†. That table lists the port number and protocol, service name, and state. The state is either open, filtered, closed, or unfiltered. Open means that an application on the target machine is listening for connections/packets on that port. Filtered means that a firewall, filter, or other network obstacle is blocking the port so that Nmap cannot tell whether it is open or closed. Closed ports have no application listening on them, though they could open up at any time. Ports are classified as unfiltered when they are responsive to Nmaps probes, but Nmap cannot determine whether they are open or closed. Nmap reports the state combinations open|filtered and closed|filtered when it cannot determine which of the two states describe a port. The port table may also include software version details when version detection has been requested. When an IP protocol scan is requested (-sO), Nmap provides information on supported IP protocols rather than listening ports. The topology view uses many symbols and color conventions. This section explains what they mean. | | | | | | Each regular host in the network is represented by a little circle. The color and size of the circle is determined by the number of open ports on the host. The more open ports, the larger the circle. A white circle represents an intermediate host in a network path that was not port scanned. If a host has fewer than three open ports, it will be green; between three and six open ports, yellow; more than six open ports, red. | | | | | If a host is a router, switch, or wireless access point, it is drawn with a square rather than a circle. | | Network distance is shown as concentric gray rings. Each additional ring signifies one more network hop from the center host. | | Connections between hosts are shown with colored lines. Primary traceroute connections are shown with blue lines. Alternate paths (paths between two hosts where a different path already exists) are drawn in orange. Which path is primary and which paths are alternates is arbitrary and controlled by the order in which paths were recorded. The thickness of a line is proportional to its round of NMAP software using wikipedia website Topology of Wikipedia website. Conclusion:- Hence we have studied NMAP Software with various websites.

Twitter and the hardships of life

Twitter and the hardships of life The development of technology has drastically changed the world. As people are unable to calculate the rates of progress, it is impossible to determine what changes will be brought about with an even greater increase in technological advancements. The use of social networks has added to the hardships of life, as people endanger their personalities and reputations by their postings to the public. Twitter shows that sometimes, people make mistakes in their messages and are unable to control the outcome.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Twitter and the hardships of life specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The biggest question is that sometimes the problems overtake the benefits of technology. This closely relates to the social media and all the resulting problems. Primarily, there is the safety concern, as the information used in the social networks can be used by the advertisement websites. Even though there are safeguards that try to prevent personal information from being shared with other institutions and sites, there are still some was that information gets out. â€Å"Twitter† has been one of the sited networks that is widely used by people. People add their posts as soon as they can. Another issue is that people who share information online cannot really control who can access their web page and browse their personal information. Many have compromised themselves in the workplace and home. This leads to many concerns, but people are still not aware of the security issues. The unfortunate part is that people do not pay attention to the growing problem and continue using the social networks. It has become so popular that individuals feel to be required to upgrade their social status and produce information that can be acknowledged by others. An aticle titled â€Å"How To: Recover from a Social Media PR Disaster† talks about people worrying about theit status and posts they have made. One of the poits made is that â€Å"Its hard to tell the whole story in a post and its hard to talk to your entire audience in just one tweet† (Sniderman, 2011). This is very true, as people are unable to respond properly to posts and might not get the whole picture. Very often, people will succumb to the pressure and join the majority, as no one wants to be outside the circle and be seen as an outsider. This will result in unwanted comments. Even though there are several layers of security and people are warned about the harms of personal information leaking, organizations are the ones that are using the private information to own advantage.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The development of social networks and the use of internet have made communication between people a form of social status. People focus on the way their â€Å"Twitter† page looks , they pay great attention to the amount of pictures they post, number of responses that they receive to certain posts and comments about their status. The need to go out and do things became not needed. The interaction between people has come down to words on web pages and comments in relation to behavior of others. It is also cheaper and more practical to live in the word of computers, where there is no need to go out, spend money in bars, different attractions and games that involve physical participation of the person and others. Also, it is very time consuming, so people simply have no time to go out and enjoy nature and the company of others. The constant checking for the replies and posts of others, especially if there is an extreme amount of friends, takes up a lot of time. Very often people add individuals to the category of â€Å"friends† through other people. They do not really know the person or are familiar with their individual personality. The only way they â⠂¬Å"know† them, is by pictures on their page and comments on their â€Å"wall†. The social networks have put a major dent into the society. The private information and the communication itself has become a public occurrence where people put their lives out on the public viewing without any concern for security or privacy. Even though technology has helped people in a lot of ways, a person must realize its drawbacks and balance the use of technology with the physical interaction with others. The balance must be kept for technology to be helpful instead of detrimental. It is important to keep in mind that technology is not always error proof, thus reliability is a relative concept. There are many examples that show how technology has proven to be a negative influence on society, but people still continue its use. A major concern can be observed through the posts and the type pf shared information. This might endanger the security of the personal information and is one of the most important things that a person has. People must become aware of the growing problem and use as much care as possible to protect their well being and individuality. A person’s reputation is very hard to deserve but is rather easy to mar by a simple comment on the â€Å"wall†. Reference Sniderman, Z. (2011). How To: Recover from a Social Media PR Disaster.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Twitter and the hardships of life specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More

Judicial review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Judicial review - Essay Example In England and Wales the Civil Procedure Rules requires that any claim form in respect of an application for judicial review must be filed within three months from the time that the grounds to make the claim first arose1. Judicial review permits people with sufficient interest in a decision or action by a public body to seek judicial review in respect of the legality of an enactment or a decision and action or failure to act in relation to the exercise of a public function2. Judicial review can be resorted to whenever right of appeal is absent or if all avenues of appeal have been exhausted. In such cases the court may insist upon both the defendant and the claimant to provide evidence for the existence of alternative means of resolving their dispute and as such the court will view such litigation as a last resort and will not issue any premature claims. In Morbaine Limited v First Secretary of State3, the Secretary of State granted planning permission for a large mixed-use development. A petition was filed under the Town and Country Planning Act, in the court to quash that decision4. This means of challenge is available to any person who is aggrieved by such decisions. However Blackburne J dismissed the application holding that the petitioners had no grounds of challenge as it lacks sufficient standing for the purposes of section 288. This decision makes it amply clear that petitioner must have a real or genuine interest in obtaining the relief sought. In R v Enfield London Borough Council5, the council accorded permission for Grade II listed building to be used as offices and for the construction of a nursing home in the premises. The conservation advisory group consented to these proposals. The claimant contended that these decisions were invalid due to the bias inherent among the conservation advisory group members. Richards J accepted this and quashed the

Visa Inc Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Visa Inc - Research Paper Example Visa Inc. (2011) is a company that was founded from the simple idea of digital currency, but had managed to connect millions of businesses, consumers, financial institutions, and even governments to each other in the short while that it has been operating. It allows its customers, in over 200 countries (Visa Inc, 2011) and areas to replace their cash and check transactions to digital transactions. It has a separate network named VisaNet (Visa Inc, 2011) for financial institution clients. VisaNet is a central and modular payments network that offers three important services of â€Å"risk management services, information services and transaction processing services† (Visa Inc, 2011) all together in one package. Furthermore, VisaNet (Visa Inc, 2011) is constantly working on ways to improve their service, so that people can utilize the method of electronic payments for several more purposes and in more places, because of the network size and payment expertise. This enterprise also provides financial institutions with recognized payment products, which they use to provide â€Å"cash-access, prepaid, debit and credit programs to customers of all types† (Visa Inc, 2011), people as well as state owned and private businesses. This company is the owner of the Visa brand, with their customers crossing several millions and with 1.8 million ATMs distributed worldwide amongst several countries and regions (Visa Inc, 2011). This company remains a frontrunner amongst all electronic transaction companies since the start of its operations. It initialized with credit cards and moved on to offer mobile payments and neural networks, being one of the first companies worldwide to offer such services, thus always remaining updated and developed in an already rapidly changing industry. Considering the large contribution of Visa’s payment platforms to global commerce, its support to all its customers seems invaluable. Visa Inc. (2011) itself does not deal directly with customers in terms of issuing cards or